What is a TFT Display? Thin Film Transistor LCD Technology

Brief History of TFT LCDs

• • – John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET.
  • – Paul K. Weimer of RCA leveraged Wallmark’s patent and developed thin-film transistor technology (TFT).
  • – Bernard Lechner of RCA implemented TFT technology in the liquid-crystal display (LCD) for the first time
  • – Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester, and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs
  • – Brody and Fang-Chen Luo demonstrated the first flat active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs,
  • – Brody coined the term “active matrix LCDs”,
  • – TFT LCD display technology dominants the display market now. Within the last 20 years, it has wiped out the market of CRT (cathode-ray tube) and Plasma. The only challenges are OLED (organic light-emitting diode)and Micro LED (Maybe, still in lab).

More information about TFT Technology you can find here:

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• What is TFT Display?
• The History of TFT Displays
• How does TFT Display Work?
• TFT LCD Wide Viewing Angle Technologies
• Sunlight Readable TFT LCD
• TFT vs. IPS Display: What is the Difference?
• LCD Controller Board
• LCD Controller Data Sheets
• LCD Controller Code Support

TFT Display Technology: How Does it Work?

TFT LCD Display (Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) technology has a sandwich-like structure with liquid crystal material filled between two glass plates. Two polarizer filters, color filters (RGB, red/green/blue) and two alignment layers determine exactly the amount of light is allowed to pass and which colors are created.

Each pixel in an active matrix is paired with a transistor that includes a capacitor which gives each sub-pixel the ability to retain its charge, instead of requiring an electrical charge sent each time it needed to be changed.  The TFT layer controls light flow a color filter displays the color and a top layer houses your visible screen.

See Fig. 1 for TFT LCD structure

Utilizing an electrical charge that causes the liquid crystal material to change their molecular structure allowing various wavelengths of backlight to “pass-through”. The active matrix of the TFT display is in constant flux and changes or refreshes rapidly depending upon the incoming signal from the control device.

The pixels of TFT displays are determined by the underlying density (resolution) of the color matrix and TFT layout. The more pixels the higher detail is available. Available screen size, power consumption, resolution, interface (how to connect) define the TFT displays.

The pixels of TFT displays are determined by the underlying density (resolution) of the color matrix and TFT layout. The more pixels the higher detail is available. Available screen size, power consumption, resolution, interface (how to connect) define the TFT displays.

The TFT screen itself can’t emit light like OLED display, it has to be used with a back-light of white bright light to generate the picture. Newer panels utilize LED backlight (light emitting diodes) to generate their light and therefore utilize less power and require less depth by design.

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TFT display modules include the TFT display screen, LED backlight, and driving circuitry.

If you have used the TFT LCD in your project, no matter the 8/16bit parallel port LCD or the SPI serial LCD, you need a huge GUI display library in your Arduino, like the UTFT library or so. If there is more than 10 pages in your project, the GUI coding will be a hell job!

It's the reason why we make this new TFT LCD module with GPU. You don't need to care about the GUI coding, you can use the WYSIWYG editor to build your GUI ,and download them into the GPU memory - than you can use the MCU to send command via UART to control the TFT LCD now. All build in objet can be control by UART command.

Just use the Serial.print() you can build the interactive UI like this:

It saves your time to code the GUI, and you don't need spend much resource of your MCU to do the display control! Ardiuno nano can do the think that you should use the MEGA before . Its price is nearly the same as the normal TFT LCD.

2 tutorials about how to use Nextion LCD with Arduino here :
Arduino to show the program bar
Touch button to control Arduino LED

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