What is the manufacturing process of bamboo?

May. 06, 2024

How is Bamboo Textile Fibre made? |

Bamboo textile fibre is made from bamboo timber which has matured in the forest for at least 4 years. Even in remote areas of China bamboo forests are highly valued and carefully tended and managed. In summer, when new shoots reach their full height, they are marked with a year code which makes sure they are harvested at the right maturity. When harvested they are taken to mills where they are crushed and submersed in a strong solution of sodium hydroxide which dissolves the bamboo cellulose. With the addition of carbon disulfide it renders the mix ready to regenerate fibres which are then drawn off, washed and bleached to a bright white colour and dried. The resultant fluff is very long in staple and visibly finer than other fibres. Then they are spun into yarn, like any other textile fibre. The longer staple and higher tensile strength is what makes a tough, soft yarn – which is not as susceptible to wearing and fraying as many other yarns. This is what gives bamboo fabrics excellent durability. The hollowness of the fibre contributes to its very high level of absorbency. But it also takes longer to dry on a clothesline. The hollowness of the fibre also enables it to hold dyes and pigments more readily and permanently, thus making it much more colourfast.

The two main chemicals used in the process are sodium hydroxide and carbon disufide.

It was only discovered that carbon disulfide was a nerve poison after many years of exposure at high concentrations by factory workers in Italy in the 1930s and 40s. With adequate ventilation it is not a problem these days and it breaks down when in contact with the natural elements. Neither carbon nor sulfur are poisonous elements.

Sodium hydroxide is also known as caustic soda, and it is true that it is strongly alkaline and will react with many substances. However, it is not toxic at all and is used extensively in cooking. Used in quite high concentrations it is what gives traditional pretzels their distinctive flavour.

BT “Kitchen Chemistry” Video Demonstration

We have produced a video to give you a fair idea of how bamboo fibre, or bamboo rayon is made.

The demonstration shows not exactly how it is made commercially, because that takes much more time, but the principles are much the same.

Isolating the cellulose from bamboo
Dissolving the cellulose
Regenerating the cellulose to form rayon (or viscose, which is another term for the same thing).

We have named the video “Kitchen Chemistry” because the substances involved are almost as tame as those used in everyday kitchens and households.

What is the Manufacturing Process of Bamboo Timber? -

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One of my friend who work in wood furniture said, buying one piece of bamboo furniture is equivalent to saving one tree, as bamboo furniture not only solves the economic income problem of local bamboo farmers, but also solves the shortage of solid wood and make great contribution to the protection of forest resources, besides bamboo timer is low-carbon and environment-friendly, thus more and more bamboo furniture come to our life such as summer sleeping mats, tables, plates, shoe racks, trays, pen containers, etc.

But do you know one piece of bamboo was made into furniture? Today we will talk about it here.

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Let’s take bamboo floor as an example, the production flow is as below:

bamboo → cutting off →

trimming outer bamboo joint →

slitting →

removing inner joint →

bamboo strip double-sided planning (removing bamboo green and yellow) →

steaming (insect prevention and mildew prevention treatment) or carbonization and coloring treatment →

drying →

bamboo strip fine planning →

bamboo strip sorting →

gluing →

blank assembly →

hot pressing and gluing →

sanding →

fixed length cutting off →

four-sided planning (fixed width and groove opening) →

double-end milling (transverse and longitudinal tenon opening) →

edge sealing paint spraying →

plain plate sanding →

sorting →

dust removal →

water-based primer →

hot air drying →

putty coating →

You will get efficient and thoughtful service from eooe.

UV curing →

primer →

UV curing →

sanding

1.Raw Material Quality Check

If the bamboo age is less than 4 years, the internal components of bamboo are not lignified enough, with unstable strength, large dry shrinkage and wet expansion rate. So normally factory choose bamboo with more than 5 years.

Bamboo generally has thick root wall and thin tip wall. Therefore, fresh bamboo with diameter at breast height of more than 10cm and wall thickness of more than 7mm is generally selected as raw material.

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2. Cutting off

Cut to length and split in stripe for processing

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3.Bamboo Strip

Punching the original bamboo into regular bamboo strips

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4、Bamboo strip double-sided planning (removing bamboo green and yellow)

The initial bamboo strips need to be finely shaves on all sides by four-sides planning to remove residual bamboo green, bamboo yellow and knife marks left by rough planning etc.

Only after such treatment can the bamboo strips and bamboo strips be glued firmly, without cracks, cracking and delamination.

Bamboo strips shall be sorted after fine planning, and bamboo strips with non-conforming processing size and large color difference shall be removed from the production line.

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5、steaming (insect prevention and mildew prevention treatment) or carbonization and coloring treatment

The chemical composition of bamboo is basically the same as that of wood, mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and extraction substances. However, bamboo contains more protein, sugar, starch, fat and wax than wood, and is susceptible to erosion by insects and fungi under the condition of appropriate temperature and humidity.

Therefore, bamboo strips should be subjected to cooking treatment (natural color) or high temperature and high humidity carbonization treatment (brown) after rough planning to remove some extractives such as sugar and starch, and insect repellent and preservative should be added during treatment to prevent the growth of insects and fungi.

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6、Dry

The moisture content of the steamed bamboo chips exceeds 80%, reaching a saturated state. The moisture content of bamboo directly affects the size and shape stability of finished bamboo products. In order to ensure the quality of bamboo floor products, the bamboo raw materials used for processing need to be fully dried before gluing.

The moisture content of bamboo should be controlled according to the local climate and use environment. Under normal circumstances should be controlled at 5-9%.

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7、bamboo strip fine planning

Bamboo strips are finely planed to the required specifications.

8.Selection of bamboo strips

Sorting bamboo strips into different grades

9、hot pressing and gluing

Glue spreading and blank assembling: select high-quality environment-friendly adhesive, glue and evenly spread according to the specified glue spreading amount, and then assemble bamboo strips into blanks according to the required specifications.

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10、fixed length cutting off

According to the required length Cut off the surplus

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11、Plate separation

12、deburring

13、sanding

The surface of the blank plate is treated to make the surface smooth and the plain plate is fixed in thickness.

14、Painting

Environmental-friendly high-quality paint can not only maintain a healthy home environment, but also achieve aesthetic, waterproof and pest corrosion prevention. To ensure good paint adhesion, one layer of paint must be sanded, and after repeated sanding and painting, the surface of the manufactured floor can be ensured to be smooth, flat and free of bubbles.

15.Finished product inspection

Inspect the finished products. Adhesion, surface effect, abrasion resistance and glossiness.

Look at the video how bamboo furniture was made

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If you want to learn more, please visit our website bamboo products processing equipment manufacturing.

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